This presentation gives growers and crop consultants an overview of the old world bollworm, as well as an update on fungal endophyte work that is affecting the Texas High Plains and other cotton-growing regions of the United States. The first portion of this talk specifically covers the biology, distribution, hosts, monitoring efforts, and management of this emerging pest. The second portion introduces new research on the study of microbes--specifically fungal endophytes--in plants and their potential to become a key factor in plant health and performance.